Whether you're studying crime or anatomy, the history and science of fingerprinting will be of great interest to you! These flashcards cover many different aspects of fingerprinting.
There are 82 flash cards in this set (14 pages to print.)
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Sample flash cards in this set:
| Questions | Answers |
|---|---|
| First person to study and describe ridges, furrows, and pores | Nehemiah Grew |
| First to publish research stating specific ridge arrangments may be similar, but are never duplicated | J.C.A. Mayer |
| First to use a microscope in medical studies, published book dealing with structure and function of skin, described skin as enhancement for grasping and walking | Marcello Malphighi |
| Scientifically proved that fingerprints are unique and permanent, identified the characteristics (minutia) by which fingerprints can be identified. | Sir Francis Galton |
| Made wooden engravings of fingerprints and published them | Thomas Bewick |
| Czech physiologist who published thesis which classified fingerprints into 9 different patterns | Johannes Purkinje |
| First European to recognize the value of friction skin for idenitificstion purposes, and proved friction ridge skin is persistent throughout life | Sir William Herschel |
| Devised the most widely used fingerprint classification system in the world | Sir Edward Henry |
| 1st to publish artical on the use of fingerprints as means of identification as well as the used of printers ink to record them, credited for being the first to comment on the use of fingerprints to solve crimes. | Dr. Henry Faulds |
| Photographer who suggested the use of fingerprinting for the registration of chinese imamigrant laborers. | I. West Tabor |
| Devised a identification system known as Anthropometry or the Bertillon System by using different body part measurents | Alphonso Bertillion |
| German researcher who was the first to address the formation of friction ridges in embyos and identified ther presence and location of volar pads | Arthur Kollmann |
| German researcher who is credited with being the first to examine the walking surfaces of other animals | H. Klaatsch |
| Scotland Yard Detective who gave a fingerprint presentation at the Worlds Fair in St. Louis that led to the development of fingerprint burueas in t. Louis and the US penatentury at Leavenworth, Kansaa | John Ferrier |
| First murder case to be solved with the use of a fingerprint identification | The Rojas Murders |
| the year New York state prison system began the first systematic use of fingerprints for the identification of criminals | 1903 |
| Man involved with the 1st use of fingerprints for law enforcement purposes...in Argentina | Juan Vucetich |
| The year the first systematic use of fingerprints were used in the United States. The New York Civil Service Commission used them to identifiy perspective employess for employment test taking purposes | 1902 |
| Year the U.S. Army began using fingeprints. | 1905 |
| year England began using fingerprints a s an officvial means of identification | 1901 |
| Year the first person in the U.S. was convicted of murder based on fingerprint evidence | 1911 Jennings case |
| Year the IAI was founded | 1915 |
| Testified in the first U.S. Murder case in Chicago where Thomas Jennings was convicted due to fingerprint evidence | Edward Foster |
| year Congress established the Identification Division of the FBI | 1924 |
| The FBI started its national fingerprint collection with __#___ records | 810,000 |
| 1st appellate case reguarding the admissablility of fingeprint expert testimony | (1911)People vs. Jennings |
| First culture to use friction ridge impressions as a means of identification | Chinese |
| 1st U.S. case where conviction was obtained based on fingerprint evidence alone. | People vs. Crispi |
| 1st American woman instructor of fingerprinting | Mary Holland |
| Pattern in which the ridges enter upon one side< make a rise in the center and tend to flow out the opposite side. Has no deltas | Arch Pattern |
| Whorl Patterns must possess at least __#__ deltas | two |
| Pattern that possess an angle, upthrust or two of the three basic characteristics of a loop. Has no deltas. | Tented Arch Pattern |
| Pattern that consists of one or moreridges whick make a complete circuit, with at least two deltas, between which, when a imagenary line is drawn, at least one recurving rige with in the inner pattern area is cut or touched | Plain Whorl |
| What % of fingerprints display arch patterns | 5% |
| Whorl Patters make up what percentage of all fingerprints | 30% |
| The three basic requirements of a loop pattern | -Sufficient recurve -one delta -Ridge county accross a looping ridge |
| Pattern that consists of two separate loop formations with two separate and distinct sets of shoulders and two deltas. | Double Loop Whorl |
| Loop patterns make up what percentage of all fingerprits | 65% |
| pattern consisting of at least one recurving ridge, or obstuctruction at right angle to the line of flow, with two deltas, between which when an imaginary line is drawn, no recurving ridge in the inner pattern area is cut or touched | Central Pocket Loop Whorl |
| Pattern in which one or more ridges enter upon either side, recurve, touch or passan imagenary line between delta and core and pass out or tend to pass out upon the same side the ridges origionally entered. | Loop Pattern |
| The Henry classification System consists of what categories | -Key -Major -Primary -Secondary -Subsecondary -Samll letter group -Final |
| Also known as sweat glands | Eccrine Glands |
| Glands found in almost all skin surfaces of the body | Eccrine Glands |
| The greatest density of eccrin glands are on what two skin surfaces? | Palmar and Plantar |
| Sebaceous Glands are not found on what two skin surfaces? | Palmar and Plantar |
| what makes up 99-99.5 % of perspiration (eccrine sweat)? | Water |
| Sebacceous Glands are associated with what part of smooth skin | Hair Follicles |
| What makes up 0.5 to 1.0% of perspiration. | Solids |
| What is the primary source of fats and oils found in perspiration | Sebum |
| What two types of solids are found in perspiration? | -Organic (amino acids) -Inorganic (salts) |
| Substance secreated by the Sebaceous Glands | Sebum |
| Trikethydrindene is another name for? | Ninhydrin |
| Cyanoaccrylate is attracted to and polemorizes with what substance found in latent print residue? | Water |
| Ninhydrin chemically reacts to what substance found in perspiration? | Amino Acids |
| What fuming method does not develop prints using a chemical reaction but rather by being absorbed by the oily substances found in latent print residue? | Iodine Fuming |
| What does DFO chemically react to? | Amino Acids |
| DFO requires what type of visual examination? | Fluorescent |
| DFO is suitable for what type of surface? | Porous |
| What surfaces are Iodine fuming suitable for? | Most Porous and non-Pourus surfaces |
| Skin is the #? largest organ | 3rd |
| The human body had what two types of skin? | Smooth Skin and Friction Skin |
| True / False Friction skin has only sweat glands | True |
| True / False Smooth Skin containes both sweat glands and sebaceous glands | True |
| On average friction skin contains about how many sweat glands per inch? | 2700 |
| Swest secreted by the Eccrine gland is called | Eccrine |
| What are the two main layers of skin | dermis and epidermis |
| Which layer of skin is the outer layer? | epidermis layer |
| Which layer of skin is the inner layer? | derims layer |
| Why is the dermis layer of skin called the "true layer"? | Because it is the generating layer |
| True / False A scar can result whe skin is cut down to the epidermis layer. | False. dermis layer must be cut |
| What is the scientific process used by examiners during the identification of friction skin? | ACE-V |
| Is the Analisys process in the ACE-V methodolgy objective or subjective? | Objective |
| Describe what Level 1 Detail is as it relates to fingerprint examination | The overall pattern type and ridge flow with in the print |
| Describe what Level 2 Detail as it relates to fingerprint examination | the types and locations of friction ridge characteristics such as ridge endings, biforcations, enclosures, and islands |
| Can Level 1 Detail alone be used to individualize? | No |
| Describe what Level Detail as it relates to fingerprint examination | it is the shape of the friction ridge and pore location within the ridge. |
| Can Level 3 Detail alone be used to individualize? | Yes |
| Is the Comparison faze in the ACE-V methodolgy objective or subjective? | Objective |
| What two things should the examiner look for during the comparison faze of ACE-V | Similarities and Dissimilarities |
| What is the scientific basis for the use of fingerprints as a means of identification | They are unique and they are permanent |
| What portion of the ACE-V methodology encompasses the counclusion reached by the examiner after taking into consideration the Anlysis and Comparison fazes? | The Evaluation |
| Why is the evaluation faze of the ACE-V methodology considered subjective? | because it is an opinion |
