Learn about sleep, wakefulness and consciousness with these science flash cards
There are 43 flash cards in this set (8 pages to print.)
To use:
1. Print out the cards.
2. Cut along the dashed lines.
3. Fold along the solid lines.
Sample flash cards in this set:
| Questions | Answers |
|---|---|
| Consciousness | The awareness of ourselves and our environment |
| Selective Attention | The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimuli |
| The cocktail-party effect | Tuning in one message while filtering out others nearby |
| Inattentional Blindness | The inability to see an object or person in our midst |
| Change Blindness | Form of inattentional blindness in which two thirds of individuals giving directions failed to notice a change in the individual asking for directions |
| Selective Attention | Focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus |
| Circadian Rhythm | 24 hour cycle of sleep and wakefulness. Biological clock. Can be altered by artificial light which triggers the suprachiasmatic nucleus to decrease melatonin in the morning and increase it at nightfall |
| Sleep Stages | Repeating 5-stage sleep pattern that occurs over 90 minutes |
| Sleep Stages 1-2 | High amplitude, slow, regular wave form. Theta waves (5-8 cps) |
| Sleep Stages 3-4 | Brain activity slows down. Large amplitude, slow waves. Delta waves (1.5-4 cps). Occurs mainly in first half of night. |
| Stage 5 | REM sleep. Low amplitude, fast, regular waves. Beta waves (15-40 cps). Occurs mainly in second half of night. |
| Stage 1 | Transition into sleep |
| Stage 2 | Beginning of slow-wave sleep. Marked by sleep spindles |
| Stage 3 | Marked by appearance of some very large, slow waves. Delta waves |
| Stage 4 | Mostly delta waves |
| REM Sleep | Rapid eye movement sleep. Dreams. Fast, small waves. Intense brain activity. |
| Why Do We Sleep? | Protection (evolution). Brain restoration and repair. Store and rebuild memories of day. Promotes creative problem-solving. Encourages growth (secretion of HGH) |
| Sleep Deprivation | Fatigue, impairment of concentration, creativity, communication, can cause obesity, hypertension, suppressed immune system, irritability and slowed performance. |
| Nonsomniacs | People who normally sleep very little |
| Insomnia | Persistant inability to fall asleep |
| Narcolepsy | Overpowering urge to fall asleep that can occur at any time |
| Sleep Apnea | Failure to breathe when asleep |
| Night Terrors | Sudden arousal from sleep with intense fear accompanied by psychological reactions that occur during stage 4 sleep. Does not wake up, does not recall. Children |
| Sleep Walking | Usually harmless, does not recall the next day. Stage 4 disorder. Runs in families |
| Sleep Talking | Like sleepwalking, runs in families |
| REM Paralysis | When in REM sleep major muscle groups are strongly inhibited by neurons in our brain stem |
| Clonic Jerk | Falling asleep, snap to attention, jolted awake |
| Hypnagogic Imagery | Occurs as our normal waking consciousness recedes and our cognitions lose conscious direction and take on a "life of their own" |
| Manifest Content | Elements of a dream that are consciously experienced and remembered |
| Latent Content | Unconscious thoughts, wishes and urges that are hidden in the manifest content of a dream |
| Information Processing | Dreams help us sort out the day's events and consolidate our memories |
| Physiological Function | Regular brain stimulation from REM sleep may develop and preserve neural pathways |
| Activation-Synthesis | REM sleep triggers neural activity that evokes random visual memories which our sleeping brains weave into stories |
| Cognitive Development | Dream content reflects dreamer's cognitive development |
| Divided-Consciousness Theory | Hypnotism causes a split in consciousness |
| Social Influence Theory | Subjects get so caught up in playing the part of a hypnotized person that they ignore other aspects of their state |
| Addiction | A craving for a chemical substance despite its adverse physical and psychological consequences. Addictive drugs do not always corrupt quickly. Recovery can be done alone. Addiction is different than regular pleasure-seeking behaviours. |
| Psychoactive Drug | Chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood (alters consciousness) |
| Depressants | Reduce neural activity and slow body functions |
| Attentional Myopia : Alcohol Myopia Model | Attentional system becomes short sighted-focused on what is right in front of us |
| Opiates | Depress neural activity, relieve pain, produce feelings of euphoria |
| Stimulants | Excite neural activity and speed body functions |
| Flow State | The experience of being fully engaged in what you are doing |
